一、常用語(yǔ)句分類(lèi)

　　(一)信件稱(chēng)謂與提及

　　1.對(duì)方來(lái)函：Your letter 最為簡(jiǎn)潔常用，Your favour、Your esteemed favour、Your valued favour、Your note、Your Communication、Your friendly advice、Yours 等也可，但相對(duì)繁復(fù)。例如在正式商務(wù)溝通中，用 Your letter 能清晰表明所指。

　　2.己方去函：Our (my) letter、Our (my) respects、ours (mine)。如在向?qū)Ψ秸f(shuō)明己方信件內(nèi)容或行動(dòng)時(shí)使用。

　　3.本函：this letter、these lines、the present。如在信中提及 “本函旨在說(shuō)明……” 時(shí)可用。

　　4.后續(xù)或前序信函

　　5.次函：the next letter、the next mail、the next post、the next communication 等，用于提及后續(xù)要發(fā)出的信件。

　　6.前函：the last letter、the last mail、the last post、the last communication、the last respects、the last favour 等，在回顧之前信件內(nèi)容或事項(xiàng)時(shí)使用。

　　7.來(lái)電：Your telegram、your wire、your cablegram、your code message、your wireless telegram、your cipher telegram，在涉及電報(bào)溝通時(shí)使用。

　　8.貴方電話：your telephone message、your phone message、your telephone call、your ring，如 “感謝您的電話告知……” 可使用相應(yīng)表達(dá)。

　　(二)回復(fù)與告知

　　回復(fù)動(dòng)作

　　9.動(dòng)詞形式：answer、reply、response，如 “I will reply to your letter as soon as possible.”(我會(huì)盡快回復(fù)您的信件);常用短語(yǔ)如 to answer、to reply、to send an answer、to write in reply 等。

　　10.接奉函覆相關(guān)：to get an answer、to get a letter answered，如 “We are waiting to get a letter answered regarding the shipment details.”(我們正在等待關(guān)于貨物運(yùn)輸細(xì)節(jié)的回信);await an answer、wait for an answer，如 “We have been waiting for an answer from the shipping agent for days.”(我們已經(jīng)等了幾天船運(yùn)代理的回復(fù))。

　　11.效覆有關(guān)：replying to、in reply to、in response to，如 “Replying to your enquiry about the vessel's schedule, it will arrive at the port next week.”(回復(fù)您關(guān)于船只日程的詢(xún)問(wèn)，它將于下周抵達(dá)港口)。

　　通知?jiǎng)幼?/P>

　　12.動(dòng)詞形式：inform、notify、tell、communicate、report、advise (a person) of、acquaint (a person) with、intimate (a fact) to、write (a person) an information、give notice、mail a notice、let (a person) know、notice is given 等。例如 “We inform you that the cargo has been loaded successfully.”(我們通知您貨物已成功裝載)。

　　13.常用句式：We have the pleasure to inform you that..... We are pleased to inform you that... We inform you that... ，如 “We have the pleasure to inform you that the ship is ready for departure.”(我們很高興地通知您船已準(zhǔn)備好啟航)。

　　(三)時(shí)間與緊急程度表達(dá)

　　14.緊急：immediately、urgently、promptly、at once、as soon as possible、with all despatch、as quickly as possible、as promptly as possible 等。例如 “In case of emergency, please contact us immediately.”(如有緊急情況，請(qǐng)立即聯(lián)系我們);相對(duì)不確切但常用的有 at an early date、at the earliest possible moment、at one's earliest convenience 等，如 “We hope to receive your reply at an early date.”(我們希望早日收到您的回復(fù))。

　　15.一般時(shí)間相關(guān)：at this time(現(xiàn)、現(xiàn)在，可用 now 代替)，如 “At this time, the ship is in the middle of the ocean.”(現(xiàn)在，船正在大洋中);at all times(不論何時(shí)，可用 always 代替)，如 “The safety regulations should be followed at all times.”(無(wú)論何時(shí)都應(yīng)遵守安全規(guī)定)。

　　(四)收悉與確認(rèn)收悉表達(dá)

　　16.名詞形式：Receipt、a receipt;動(dòng)詞形式：receive、be in receipt of、be to hand、be at hand、come to hand、be favoured with、get、have duly received、have to own、acknowledge receipt of、have before us 等。例如 “We duly received your letter and are reviewing the contents.”(我們已收到您的信件并正在審閱內(nèi)容);We are in receipt of........ We acknowledge (with thanks) receipt of… 。

　　17.確認(rèn)表達(dá)：to /confirm/i、/confirm/iing、in confirming of;a letter of /confirm/iation。如 “We confirm our verbal agreement about the delivery terms.”(我們確認(rèn)關(guān)于交貨條款的口頭協(xié)議);Confirming our telegram sent yesterday...... 。

　　(五)情感與態(tài)度表達(dá)

　　18.欣幸、喜悅：be pleased to_(with or by)、be glad to、be delighted at、be rejoiced in、have the pleasure to do、have the pleasure of doing、have pleasure in (of) doing、have pleasure to do、take (a) pleasure in doing、take pleasure in doing(其中 take pleasure in 較古老，常被 are pleased to, are happy (glad) to 取代)。例如 “We are pleased to inform you that the project has been completed successfully.”(我們很高興地通知您項(xiàng)目已成功完成)。

　　19.遺憾：regret、be sorry、be vexed、be morified、regret to say、be sorry to say、to one's regret、feel a great regret for、express regret for、be a matter for regret、be regretted、be deplorable、be regrettable、with regret 等。如 “We regret that the shipment has been delayed due to bad weather.”(我們很遺憾由于惡劣天氣貨物運(yùn)輸延遲了);We are sorry to (that).. Much to our regret..... 等。

　　20.深感榮幸：feel honoured、appreciate the honour、be honoured with、have the honour of doing (being)、have the honour to do (be)、esteem it as a high honour、honour one with。例如 “We feel honoured to have the opportunity to cooperate with your company.”(我們很榮幸有機(jī)會(huì)與貴公司合作)。

　　21.深致謝意：thank、be (feel) grateful、be thankful、esteem it a favour、give (tender) one's thank、be obiged、be overwhelmed with gratitude、tender one's sincere thanks、express one's appreciation、be indebted。常用 Thank-you for your.... We (shall) appreciate..... ，如 “Thank you for your prompt assistance in resolving the issue.”(感謝您在解決問(wèn)題上的及時(shí)協(xié)助)。

　　(六)希望與請(qǐng)求表達(dá)

　　22.寄以希望之意：hope to、hope that、trust to、request that 等?，F(xiàn)常用簡(jiǎn)單直接語(yǔ)氣，如 May we have....., Will you please? 例如 “May we have the updated shipping schedule?”(我們可以拿到最新的船期表嗎?);“Will you please provide the details of the cargo?”(請(qǐng)您提供貨物的詳細(xì)信息好嗎?)。

　　23.請(qǐng)求動(dòng)作：request、solicit、ask、recommend 等。如 “Please give this matter your prompt and courteous attention.”(請(qǐng)您及時(shí)并禮貌地關(guān)注此事);“I request you will give our proposal your kind consideration.”(我請(qǐng)求您友好地考慮我們的提議)。

　　(七)附件與附帶說(shuō)明

　　24.隨函附寄：Enclose(英式)、Inclose(美式)。常用句式 We enclose a sample of...... We are enclosing.... We are pleased to enclose...... Enclosed is (are) a sample of..... ，如 “We enclose a sample of the product for your reference.”(我們隨函附上產(chǎn)品樣本供您參考)。

　　25.予以注意：Please note it...... which please note. Have the kindness to take note of...... We draw your attention to...... We request your kind attention to...... We ask your attention to...... Please give your attention to....... We request that you will take note of..... ，如 “We draw your attention to the special handling requirements of the cargo.”(我們提醒您注意貨物的特殊搬運(yùn)要求)。

　　(八)致歉與解釋

　　26.致歉：Please accept our apologies. We apologize you for the mistake. Please excuse this error. 等。例如 “We apologize for the inconvenience caused by the delay.”(我們?yōu)檠舆t造成的不便道歉)。

　　27.解釋相關(guān)：We /confirm/i...(確認(rèn)事項(xiàng));We regret to inform you...(遺憾告知);We are sorry to have to tell you...(抱歉不得不說(shuō))等。如 “We confirm that the inspection of the ship has been completed.”(我們確認(rèn)船只檢查已完成);“We regret to inform you that the contract cannot be signed as expected.”(我們遺憾地通知您合同不能如預(yù)期簽署)。

　　(九)其他常用表達(dá)

　　28.依照：according to、in accordance with、in compliance with、in conformity with、in obedience to、agreeably to(as per 現(xiàn)已不大采用)。如 “According to the contract, the payment should be made within 30 days.”(根據(jù)合同，應(yīng)在 30 天內(nèi)付款)。

　　29.關(guān)于：regarding、as regards、with regard to、in regard to、respecting、relative to、in connection with、referring to、with reference to、in reference to、Re. 例如 “Regarding the shipment delay, we are investigating the cause.”(關(guān)于貨物運(yùn)輸延遲，我們正在調(diào)查原因)。

　　30.如下示：as mentioned below、as stated below、annexed hereto、attached you will find、as at foot hereof、as detailed on the attached sheet。如 “As detailed on the attached sheet, the cargo list includes various items.”(如附頁(yè)詳細(xì)說(shuō)明，貨物清單包含多種物品)。

　　31.報(bào)覆知：Inform us by telegram、wire me immediately、wire in time for us to write you in reply by 10 a.m. mail、please reply me by wire、we await answer by telegram、cable reply immediately、oblige us by answering by telegram、please arrange for your telegram reply 。例如 “Inform us by telegram if there are any changes in the schedule.”(如果日程有任何變化請(qǐng)用電報(bào)通知我們)。

　　32.郭覆：by return、by return of post、by return of mail、by return of air mail。如 “Please send your reply by return of mail.”(請(qǐng)用郵件回復(fù))。

　　二、貨物相關(guān)描述

　　(一)貨物損傷情況

　　33.包裝問(wèn)題：Bad order(貨物包裝不良)、Bare (Bare no staves)(裸露無(wú)遮的)、Bale off(散包)、Bent(金屬類(lèi)彎曲)、Bale burst(捆包破裂)、Bale slach(松包)、Bundle off(包、捆束脫落)、Bundle slack(捆卷狀物)、Bag cover dirty(袋皮污漬)、Bags stained by contents(袋被內(nèi)貨污漬)、Bags stained by syrup(袋被糖汁渣污)、Case plank broken(箱板破)、Case crushed(箱子壓壞)、Case transfigured (misshaped, deformed)(箱子變形)、Case upside down(箱子倒置)、Case renail(箱子重釘)、Case plank split(箱板裂)、Case plank patched(箱板修補(bǔ))、Case plank bulged(箱板凸出)、Cover chafed(包裝磨損)、Cover torn(包皮破裂)、Seam slack(縫口松弛)、Seam open(縫口開(kāi))、Seal off(封印條脫落)、Seal broken off(封印破損)、Sealed on board(在船上封印)、Second-hand bags (used bags)(舊袋)、Top of case crushed(箱頂壓壞)、Unprotected cargo(無(wú)包裝貨)等。這些描述用于在貨物運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)包裝出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題時(shí)向相關(guān)方說(shuō)明情況，如在貨物檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告或與托運(yùn)人、收貨人溝通時(shí)使用。

　　34.貨物自身問(wèn)題：Contents rattling(內(nèi)貨有響聲)、Contents short(內(nèi)貨短少)、Contents short weight(內(nèi)貨重量不足)、Contents empty(內(nèi)貨中空無(wú)物)、Contents unknown(內(nèi)貨不詳)、Caked(結(jié)塊，如水泥、肥料等)、Cracked(裂開(kāi)、龜裂)、Chipped(切傷)、Contents exposed or running out(包裝內(nèi)容露出或漏出)、Damp&mouldy(潮濕發(fā)霉)、Dented(凹陷，受壓力、碰撞等)、Deterioration(化學(xué)品變質(zhì))、Dirty(污)、Discoloured(褪色，新品、紙張等)、Drum oozing(桶滲漏)、Drum bid off(桶脫落)、Dust(灰塵)、Crushing damage(壓壞)、Contents sprouting(內(nèi)貨發(fā)芽)、Cover in order, contents melt(包裝正常內(nèi)貨溶解)、Damaged by insects (worms)(蟲(chóng)蛀)、Dangerous cargo on deck(甲板危險(xiǎn)貨)、Mark obiterated(標(biāo)記消失)、Mended bags(修袋)、Nail off(脫釘)、Natural defect(自然缺陷)、Perish(腐蝕)、Putrely(腐朽)、Packing examination(危險(xiǎn)品包裝檢查試驗(yàn))、Paper box carton(紙匣)、Rain work(雨中工作，裝卸)、Ratting(咔啦響)、Resoldered (Rewelded)(重焊)、Rotten(腐爛的、朽的)、Resewed(縫補(bǔ))、Resealed(重貼封印)、Running out(包裝內(nèi)容物漏出)、Rust(生銹，金屬品)、Said to be....(數(shù)量難稽，依托運(yùn)人填報(bào)數(shù)量)、Scratched all over(全身擦)、Split(分裂)、Stained(污染著色)、Sticked(戳傷)、Sweeping(清掃)、Top off(滿(mǎn)艙)、Top tap off(頂蓋塞子脫落)、Towing damage(拖損)、Tire spit(輪胎爆裂)、Torn(扯破)、Wet cargo(濕貨)、Wet stained(水漬)、Wet with sweat(汗?jié)n)、Wet with moisture(潮濕漬)、Withered(枯萎)、Worn-eaten(蟲(chóng)蛀)等。在貨物運(yùn)輸各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物自身出現(xiàn)這些問(wèn)題時(shí)，需要準(zhǔn)確記錄和報(bào)告，以便確定責(zé)任和采取相應(yīng)措施。

　　35.責(zé)任相關(guān)：Not responsible (N/R)(不負(fù)責(zé))、N/R for breakage a leakage(破損及破漏不負(fù)責(zé))、N/R for bent & rust(彎曲及生銹不負(fù)責(zé))、N/R for decay(腐朽不負(fù)責(zé))、N/R for Evaporation(蒸發(fā)量不負(fù)責(zé))、N/R for Mortality & injury (動(dòng)物) 死傷不負(fù)責(zé)、N/R for sweating(出汗不負(fù)責(zé))等。在處理貨物問(wèn)題時(shí)，明確責(zé)任歸屬非常關(guān)鍵，這些表達(dá)用于在與各方溝通中表明己方在某些方面不承擔(dān)責(zé)任的立場(chǎng)。

　　(二)貨物裝卸情況

　　36.貨物落水：I regret to inform you that during discharging operation at No.2 Hatch, at about 10.00 A.M. One case marked "ABC" shipped off the sling, through the fault of the stevedores and dropped overboard into the sea between the ship's side and quay. Shortly afterwards, the damaged case was picked up by them and shown to the chief stevedore on board and your representative, Mr... Your prompt attention to this matter will be appreciated. 此句詳細(xì)描述了貨物落水的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因以及后續(xù)處理情況，用于向代理行或相關(guān)方報(bào)告事故，以便及時(shí)采取措施解決問(wèn)題，如安排打撈、檢查貨物損壞程度和確定責(zé)任等。

　　37.貨物短少(或超卸、多裝)之爭(zhēng)執(zhí)：We inform you that while we were loading 750 bales woodpulp Seattle/Moji, account of Messrs,"AC"& Co. covered by Bs/L No.8, our checker at ship's side checked 740 belas, i.e. 10 bales short and claims that his tally is correct. You will see... (詳細(xì)說(shuō)明爭(zhēng)議過(guò)程及處理協(xié)商情況)在貨物裝卸過(guò)程中，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)數(shù)量差異引發(fā)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)時(shí)，需要向相關(guān)方清晰地說(shuō)明己方的計(jì)數(shù)情況、依據(jù)以及與托運(yùn)人或其他方的溝通協(xié)商過(guò)程，以尋求合理的解決方案，可能涉及重新核對(duì)貨物、查看裝卸記錄或依據(jù)合同條款進(jìn)行處理等。

　　三、信函開(kāi)頭與結(jié)尾例句(一)開(kāi)頭例句

　　38.覆收悉情況：We thank you for your letter of yesterday and for confirm our telephone conversation of yesterday.(感謝昨日來(lái)函及確認(rèn)電話交談事項(xiàng));I have just received your letter of..... It was only yesterday that your letter came to me. I am in receipt of your letter of..... I thank you for your prompt answer. We regret to learn that..... It is to our great regret to learn that... We are rather surprise to hear from you that... (表達(dá)收到信件的時(shí)間、感謝、遺憾或驚訝等情緒)這些開(kāi)頭句用于在回復(fù)對(duì)方信件時(shí)，首先表明對(duì)收到來(lái)信的態(tài)度和初步反應(yīng)，為后續(xù)內(nèi)容奠定基礎(chǔ)，使溝通更具連貫性和邏輯性。

　　39.依據(jù)來(lái)函作覆情況：I hasten to answer to your letter of July 10th.(急覆某日期來(lái)函);In reply to your letter of..... In answer to your letter of the tenth, July, I am pleased to tell you that.... (說(shuō)明回復(fù)的針對(duì)性)在回復(fù)對(duì)方特定信件時(shí)，使用此類(lèi)開(kāi)頭能讓對(duì)方清楚知道這封信是針對(duì)之前哪封信的回應(yīng)，有助于提高溝通效率，避免誤解。

　　40.電報(bào)、電話交往之確：In confirming our telegram of this morning,…… (確認(rèn)電報(bào)內(nèi)容);With reference to the telephone conversation with Mr..... I wish to confirm that.... (提及電話交談并確認(rèn)事項(xiàng))在涉及電報(bào)或電話溝通后，通過(guò)信函進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)相關(guān)內(nèi)容，可確保信息的準(zhǔn)確性和一致性，避免因溝通渠道不同而產(chǎn)生的歧義。

　　41.通知事項(xiàng)：We take this opportunity to inform you that.. I request you to note that...... (傳達(dá)通知內(nèi)容并提醒注意)在有重要事項(xiàng)需要告知對(duì)方時(shí)，這種開(kāi)頭方式能直接引起對(duì)方對(duì)后續(xù)內(nèi)容的關(guān)注，使通知更具正式性和嚴(yán)肅性。

　　(二)結(jié)尾例句

　　42.希冀覆函情況：We await your further instruction...... If you could write us soon, we shall be glad. We appreciate your interest and thank you for writing us. We are expecting pleasant business relations. We sincerely hope that we may find your name on our active list writing next ten days. We thank you in anticipation of an early reply. (表達(dá)期待進(jìn)一步指示、回復(fù)，感謝對(duì)方興趣及對(duì)良好業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系的期望等)此類(lèi)結(jié)尾句在信函中向?qū)Ψ絺鬟_(dá)了己方對(duì)后續(xù)溝通的期待，有助于保持與對(duì)方的聯(lián)系，推動(dòng)業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)展，同時(shí)也體現(xiàn)了禮貌和積極的態(tài)度。

　　43.調(diào)查結(jié)果情況：We thank you for your usual kind attention to this matter.(感謝對(duì)方對(duì)事件的關(guān)注);We appreciate your cooperation in this matter.(感激合作);We trust you will give this matter your best consideration.(相信對(duì)方會(huì)妥善考慮);Your prompt attention to this will be greatly. appreciated.(感謝對(duì)方及時(shí)關(guān)注)等(說(shuō)明對(duì)調(diào)查結(jié)果相關(guān)的感謝、信任及期望)在向?qū)Ψ絽R報(bào)調(diào)查結(jié)果或提及相關(guān)事宜時(shí)，這些結(jié)尾句表達(dá)了對(duì)對(duì)方在整個(gè)過(guò)程中所給予支持的感激之情，以及對(duì)對(duì)方后續(xù)行動(dòng)的期望，有助于維護(hù)良好的合作關(guān)系。

　　44.依來(lái)信回答情形：We trust that this with be satisfactory to... We trust that this explanation will interest... I shall be glad to inform you later in case any changes take place in the matter. (表達(dá)對(duì)回復(fù)內(nèi)容的信心及后續(xù)情況的告知意愿)這樣的結(jié)尾表明了寫(xiě)信人對(duì)所提供信息的可靠性的自信，同時(shí)也向?qū)Ψ匠兄Z如有新情況會(huì)及時(shí)告知，增強(qiáng)了信函的可信度和溝通的完整性。

　　45.對(duì)事件問(wèn)之回答：確認(rèn)這將使得閣下滿(mǎn)意。We trust that this with be satisfactory to... 深信此項(xiàng)說(shuō)明將引起閣下興趣。We trust that this explanation will interest... 今后此事件發(fā)生任何變化，將樂(lè)于通知閣下。I shall be glad to inform you later in case any changes take place in the matter. (強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)事件回答的效果及后續(xù)跟進(jìn))在回答對(duì)方關(guān)于特定事件的詢(xún)問(wèn)時(shí)，這些語(yǔ)句不僅強(qiáng)調(diào)了當(dāng)前回答的有效性，還為未來(lái)可能的發(fā)展預(yù)留了溝通空間，使整個(gè)交流更加全面和負(fù)責(zé)。